Undergraduate medical students of our institute were deputed at the polio booths for this purpose. The first polio vaccine, known as inactivated poliovirus vaccine ipv or salk vaccine, was developed in the early 1950s by american physician jonas salk. Despite this,733 children with polio were reported in 2009 alone. Awareness about pulse polio immunization among the general. It may be given at the same time as other vaccines. Manpower utilization in pulse polio immunization springerlink. By then, opv was a part of indias expanded programme on immunisation, but polio burden remained high, with 1,000 children. Opv was formerly recommended for children in the us but was shown to actually cause polio in extremely rare cases and is no longer recommended. Pdf lessons learnt from pulse polio immunization programme. Role of polio sena and awareness of pulse polio immunization. For your convenience, these archived publications can be used for historical and research purposes. About immunization immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine.
To evaluate role of polio sena, besides other sources in iec for ppi campaign. Polio vaccine, preparation of poliovirus given to prevent polio, an infectious disease of the nervous system. This programme is supposed to be of immense help in the who goal of eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000 a. The scheme this seeks to drive towards 90% full immunization coverage of india and sustain the same by year 2020. With the global initiative of eradication of polio in 1988 following world health assembly resolution in 1988, pulse polio immunization programme was launched in india in 1995. In april 20, under the guidance of national immunization division, itsu facilitated the process of drafting the next. Polio, measles, and japanese encephalitis, monitoring adverse events following.
When the pulse polio immunisation programme was launched in india in 1995 an estimated 150,000 polio cases were reported across the country each year. The programme aims to protect children from the polio disease by conducting two nationwide mass polio vaccination campaigns and two to three subnational campaigns each year. In order to sustain polio eradication drive from the country, government has launched pulse polio programme for 2019. Assessment of vaccine wastage during a pulse polio immunization. The largescale use of ipv began in february 1954, when it was. The government of india launched the pulse polio immunization ppi programme on a country wide basis in 1995. Dtfi district task force on immunization epc empowered programme committee. The last case of polio from india was reported in 2011. During 2017, two rounds of pulse polio immunization campaigns are planned to be conducted on 2.
The two polio endemic states of uttar pradesh and bihar have not reported any case of polio since april 2010 and september 2010, respectively. A study of the knowledge and attitude towards pulse polio. The government of india launched the pulse polio immunization ppi programme in 1995 with the aim of eradicating poliomyelitis by the end of 2000. While working as a monitor for the pulse polio programme the author observed various social factors which influenced the children to receive or not to receive the polio vaccine drops. Vaccine preventable diseases an infectious disease for which an effective preventive vaccine exists. In 1985, the programme was modified as universal immunization programme uip to be implemented in phased manner to cover all districts in the country by 198990 with the one of.
Poliomyelitis has been a major cause of disability among children in india. Dec 16, 2016 pulse polio programme 2020 begins, know symptoms and transmission of polio, current affairs 2020 duration. This article describes various social factors influencing the pulse polio programme from a public health specialist point of view. Children in the age group of 05 years administered polio drops during national and subnational immunization rounds in high risk areas every year. Pulse polio immunization programme2053 was observed for the first time in nepal on 21st mangsir and 4th magh, 2053 with the objective of eradicating the wild strains of polio virus from the community. Most people with polio dont have any symptoms and wont know theyre infected. It aimed to immunize children through improved social mobilization, plan mopup operations in areas where poliovirus has almost disappeared and maintain high level of morale among the public. In 1985, the name of epi was changed to the universal immunization program uip with activities phased in to the entire country by 1990. Polio, an infectious disease caused by a virus that lives in the throat and intestinal tract, was once the leading cause of disability in the u. The polio eradication initiative pei is a global program with the target of a polio free world by the year 2005.
Pdf social determinants of health influencing pulse. For all countries using opv in the national immunization programme, who recommends the inclusion of at least one dose of ipv in the vaccination schedule. The project fights poliomyelitis through a largescale, pulse vaccination programme and monitoring. Pdf social determinants of health influencing pulse polio. For the purpose of iec and social mobilisation, an innovative scheme of involving school children from class 6th to 12th was launched in the pulse polio immunization ppi campaign. Russia joined the campaign for the first time in 1996. The global health community needs rotarys help to spread the word about the importance of vaccinations during world immunization week, 2430 april. Pulse polio immunization drive from april 2 in mangaluru.
That year, the nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis npafp rate in india was. Mass polio immunisation campaign was launched in the national capital territory of delhi with 2 doses of polio vaccine to be administered to children upto 3 years of age on october and december 4, 1994 respectively. Pulse polio immunization programme immunization schemes nhm. Ministry of health and family welfare, government of india provides several vaccines to infants, children and pregnant women through the universal immunisation programme. Immunization with the oral polio vaccine effectively prevents infection. But for some people, the polio virus causes temporary or permanent paralysis, which can be life threatening. National immunization schedule department of health and family. Visit to hra and for on the street brick kilns, ragpickers nomads were intensified for 100% coverage. Pulse polio programme national health portal of india. National immunization days for pulse polio observed on jan 20. Pulse polio immunization campaign pulse polio is an immunization campaign established by the government of india to eliminate person and by vaccinating children under age of five years against polio virus.
This vaccine contains killed virus and is given by injection. An inactivated poliovirus vaccine ipv, the salk vaccine was licensed in. Its rare nowadays because it can be prevented with vaccination. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit the information from 182 accompanying persons 41 males and 141 females by qualified medical doctors. Universal immunization programme uip division email id immunization premnarayan38atnicdotin funding pattern of scheme. History difficulties vaccination symptoms and causes. Assessment of coldchain maintenance in vaccine carriers. The prevalence of polio in pakistan is exceptional in global context. Role of health workers in the pulse polio immunization programme. Uip is one of the key interventions for protection of children from life threatening conditions by providing vaccination.
In the african region, the transmission of poliovirus is limited to restricted areas, but the ease with which the virus could be transmitted puts all countries at risk. An initiative through new generation media by district mass media wing, district medical officehealth, kasaragod at kanhangad,kerala state,india. Correlation between nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis. A study to assess the wastage factor of oral polio vaccine opv in the pulse polio immunization. Polio is a serious viral infection that used to be common in the uk and worldwide. A study was conducted in three intensive pulse polio immunization ippi centres in delhi on 24th september, 2000 to assess the awareness about poliomyelitis and the ippi programme. Mission indradhanush is a health mission of the government of india. Pulse polio is an immunisation campaign established by the government of india to eliminate poliomyelitis polio in india by vaccinating all children under the age of five years against the polio virus. A significant finding of the study was the status of children regarding other immunization, as 59. Quetta and peshawar divisions are amongst the most affected regions hit by polio in pakistan.
This calendar displays historical and planned supplementary immunization activities for polio. Before the introduction of national immunization days nids in 1995, an estimated 35000 children were paralyzed by polio in india each year. The term pulse describes the simultaneous, mass administration of oral polio vaccine opv on a single day to all children aged below 5 years. Therefore, there is a need to understand the reasonunderlying such high numbers of cases after so many yearsof programme. Indias progress toward polio eradication was tumultuous. Cdc recommends that children in the united states receive inactivated poliovirus vaccine ipv to protect against polio, or poliomyelitis. The regions, countries, vaccines, and sia lists are multiselectenabled. Ppi programme of the government of india was undertaken. It was a communitybased crosssectional study undertaken in november 2006. Pulse polio programme 2020 begins, know symptoms and transmission of polio, current affairs 2020 duration. Children in the age range 0 5 years must also be given the doses of oral polio vaccine opv as a part of the pulse polio programme by government of india. Universal immunisation programme national health portal.
Dakshina kannada district incharge minister b ramanath rai will launch the first phase of the national pulse polio immunization in the district on april 2. National immunization days for pulse polio observed on jan. In august 1996, south african president nelson mandela, chairman of the committee for a poliofree africa, launched a three. The expanded program on immunization epi, a national policy of immunizing all children during the first year of life with dpt, opv, bcg and typhoidparatyphoid fever vaccines was launched in 1978. The programme introduced new vaccines, including the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine pcv and rotavirus vaccine rvv. The pulse polio initiative was started with an objective of achieving hundred per cent coverage under oral polio vaccine. Archived historical polio immunization publications. The beginning of the end world health organization. The respondents were people who took children under five years to a pulse polio immunization booth in the national capital territory of delhi on 12 th november. In 1985, the name of epi was changed to the universal. A previous study of data from 2000 to 2010 has detailed the npafp rate in a state correlated with the pulse polio rounds conducted there, and the strongest correlation with the npafp rate was found when the. The programme aims to protect children from the polio disease by conducting two nationwide mass polio vaccination campaigns and two to three subnational.
Universal immunization program ministry of health and family. Supplementary immunization activity sia calendar gpei. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards polio immunization among. Report on pulse polio immunization program pulse polio is an immunisation campaign established by the government of india to eliminate poliomyelitis polio in india by vaccinating all children under the age of five years against the polio virus. This study assessed whether the cold chain is maintained during national immunization day in beed district. Although wpv type 2 was eradicated in 1999, the other 2 types of wpvs continued to circulate intensively with cyclic pattern of outbreaks until 2009. Ipv is given by injection in the leg or arm, depending the persons age.
While working as a monitor for the pulse polio programme the author observed various social factors which. In polioendemic countries and in countries at high risk for importation and subsequent spread of poliovirus, who recommends a bopv birth dose zero dose followed by a primary series of. Chandigarh has always been a pioneer in pulse polio immunization programme. Immunization programme in india was introduced in 1978 as expanded programme of immunization epi by the ministry of health and family welfare, government of india. Over 100,000 underfive children were expected to participate on ppi day. Therefore, vaccine carriers with ice packs are used in the pulse polio immunization. Intensified pulse polio immunization during the year 2017 and. The project fights polio through a largescale, pulse vaccination programme and monitoring for poliomyelitis cases. Awareness of pulse polio immunisation springerlink. Backgroundthe government of india launched the pulse polioimmunization ppi programme in 1995 with the aim oferadicating poliomyelitis by the end of 2000. The project fights polio through a largescale, pulse vaccination programme. Pulse polio immunization programme 2053 was observed for the first time in nepal on 21st mangsir and 4th magh, 2053 with the objective of eradicating the wild strains of polio virus from the community. Dates may change according to country operational planning needs. Vellore,tamil nadu was the first indian state to become 100% polio free.
The present study was conducted in union territory of chandigarh to find out the utilization pattern of manpower engaged in the implementation of pulse polio campaign ppi on 7th december, 1997 with the objective to achieve a coverage close to 100% and thereby, eradicating poliomyelitis. Vashishtha, mbbs, md, b deep thacker, mbbsc monthly feature. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards polio. More than 17 crore children of less than five years across the country will be given polio drops as part of the drive.
The lessons learned naveen thacker, mbbs, md, a vipin m. Oral polio vaccine is heat sensitive and requires maintenance of a stringent cold chain. We assessed the impact of the pulse polio immunization programme at the primary health level in terms of services, time and cost. Universal immunisation programme national health portal of. Polio, the deadly viral disease that was once the leading cause of paralysis among children worldwide, is very close to being eradicated. Children get four doses of ipv, with one dose at each of these ages. Over nine million immunization sessions are held across india every year towards full immunization coverage. Second phase of pulse polio immunization campaign successful. Polio vaccines and routine polio immunization in the pre. Immunization of pregnant mothers with tt vaccine was introduced in 1983. Pdf on jan 1, 2000, sanjay zodpey and others published lessons learnt from pulse polio immunization programme find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The second phase of the intensive pulse polio immunization campaign was. National programme for prevention and control of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and stroke npcdcs pradhan mantri national dialysis programme under nhm.
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